Charleston's water has PFAS above EPA limits (5 ppt). An activated carbon filter can reduce PFAS levels. Read below for a full breakdown.
WV American Water · Source: Elk River, Kanawha River · Serves 47,215 residents
113
Hardness (PPM)
96
TDS (PPM)
0.9
Chlorine (mg/L)
5
PFAS (ppt)
6
Lead (ppb)
Hardness Scale: Where Charleston Falls
Soft 060120180250400+
PFAS above EPA limitElevated lead
Charleston's Appalachian river water is moderately hard from limestone and sandstone geology.
What Charleston's Water Means for Your Home
Charleston's water is moderately hard at 113 PPM. At this level, hard water is not a significant concern for most households. Scale buildup is minimal, and a water softener would provide little measurable benefit. If you are considering water treatment in Charleston, focus on contaminant filtration rather than softening.
PFAS contamination is a significant concern in Charleston. At 5 parts per trillion, levels exceed the EPA's 2024 maximum contaminant level of 4 ppt. PFAS are synthetic chemicals that do not break down in the environment or the human body, which is why they are called "forever chemicals." Long-term exposure has been associated with increased cancer risk, thyroid disruption, and immune system effects. A whole-house activated carbon filter or point-of-use reverse osmosis system can reduce PFAS to safe levels. Look for NSF P473 certification when comparing products.
Contaminant
Detected
Health Guideline
Legal Limit
Status
Hardness (as CaCO₃)
113 PPM
< 60 PPM
No federal limit
✓ OK
Total Dissolved Solids
96 PPM
< 300 PPM
500 PPM
✓ OK
PFAS (total)
5 ppt
4 ppt (EPA)
4 ppt (2024)
⚠ Above limit
Lead
6 ppb
0 ppb (no safe level)
15 ppb (action level)
⚠ Elevated
Chlorine / Chloramine
0.9 mg/L
Taste threshold ~1.0
4.0 mg/L
✓ Normal
Nitrate
3 mg/L
5 mg/L
10 mg/L
✓ OK
Recommendations for Charleston Homes
🔄Salt-Free Conditioner (Optional)
At 113 PPM, Charleston's water is moderately hard. Scale buildup is slow but noticeable over years, especially in tankless water heaters. A salt-free conditioner is a low-maintenance option if you want to extend appliance life.
PFAS detected at 5 ppt, above the EPA maximum contaminant level of 4 ppt. PFAS are linked to cancer, thyroid disease, and immune system effects with long-term exposure. A whole-house granular activated carbon (GAC) filter or a point-of-use reverse osmosis system can reduce PFAS. Look for NSF P473 certification, which specifically tests for PFAS removal.
Lead detected at 6 ppb. There is no safe level of lead in drinking water, and children are especially vulnerable. Lead typically enters water from old plumbing, not the source water. A point-of-use filter certified to NSF/ANSI Standard 53 for lead is the most practical solution. If your home was built before 1986, testing is strongly recommended.
Water quality can vary by neighborhood and season. The values above represent typical averages reported by WV American Water. To get exact numbers for your address, request a copy of the most recent Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) from your utility, or have your water independently tested.
Charleston's water meets EPA legal standards for drinking water safety. However, legal limits and health-optimal levels are different things. PFAS levels exceed the 2024 EPA health standard, which is a concern for long-term exposure. Lead levels are elevated. This is especially concerning in older buildings with lead service lines or lead solder. Review the contaminant table above for specific numbers and how they compare to both legal limits and health guidelines.
Do I need a water softener in Charleston?
At 113 PPM, Charleston's water is moderately hard. Some homeowners at this level do not notice problems, while others see spotting on glassware, film on shower doors, or reduced soap lathering. Homes with tankless water heaters at this hardness level should strongly consider at least a salt-free conditioner, as scale buildup inside the heat exchanger can void the warranty. For other homes, it depends on your sensitivity and fixtures.
What water filter is best for Charleston?
The best filter depends on which contaminants you want to address. For PFAS, look for a filter with NSF P473 certification. Granular activated carbon (GAC) and reverse osmosis systems are both effective. Standard carbon pitcher filters may not remove PFAS adequately. For lead, look for NSF/ANSI Standard 53 certification specifically for lead reduction. Point-of-use filters at the kitchen faucet are the most practical approach. See our softener vs. filter guide to understand the difference between these categories.
Where does Charleston's water come from?
Charleston's drinking water is sourced from Elk River, Kanawha River and treated by WV American Water. Charleston's Appalachian river water is moderately hard from limestone and sandstone geology..
What is the hardness of Charleston water in grains per gallon?
Charleston's water hardness is 6.6 grains per gallon (GPG), which equals 113 parts per million (PPM). This is classified as moderately hard. To convert: 1 GPG = 17.1 PPM.
Does Charleston water damage tankless water heaters?
At 6.6 GPG, Charleston's water is unlikely to cause significant issues for tankless water heaters. However, if you notice reduced flow or efficiency over time, scale buildup could be a factor. Annual flushing with vinegar is good maintenance regardless of hardness.
Is Charleston water safe for babies and infants?
Lead is the primary concern for infants and young children. Charleston's lead level of 6 ppb is elevated. Run the cold water tap for 30 seconds before using it for formula or cooking, and consider a certified lead-reduction filter for the kitchen faucet.
Data sources. Water quality data compiled from EPA SDWIS, EWG Tap Water Database, USGS water hardness studies, and the WV American Water Consumer Confidence Report. Hardness and contaminant levels represent typical average values and may vary by neighborhood and season. Last updated: 2026-02-12.