Water Quality in Provo, UT

Provo's water has very hard water (235 PPM). A water softener is recommended to protect plumbing and appliances. Read below for a full breakdown.

Provo City · Source: Deer Creek Reservoir, groundwater · Serves 115,162 residents

235
Hardness (PPM)
441
TDS (PPM)
1.3
Chlorine (mg/L)
4
PFAS (ppt)
1
Lead (ppb)
235 PPM 0 400 Very Hard
CONTAMINANT LEVELS Hardness 235 PPM TDS 441 PPM PFAS 4 ppt Lead 1 ppb Chlorine 1.3 mg/L Nitrate 4 mg/L

Hardness Scale: Where Provo Falls

Soft 060120180250400+
Very hard water

Utah Valley geology produces very hard water.

What Provo's Water Means for Your Home

Provo residents deal with some of the hardest municipal water in the country. At 235 PPM (13.7 grains per gallon), the water contains high concentrations of dissolved calcium and magnesium picked up from underground limestone and mineral formations. This is not a safety issue. The minerals are safe to consume. But they create real, measurable costs for homeowners. Hard water at 235 PPM costs the average household $800 to $1,200 per year in hidden expenses, including higher energy bills from scale-insulated water heaters, increased soap and detergent usage, and premature appliance failure. Many Provo homeowners discover this only after a water heater replacement or plumber visit.

Beyond hardness, Provo's water quality is generally within EPA guidelines for regulated contaminants. Chlorine is present at 1.3 mg/L as a disinfectant residual, which is normal for municipal water systems. If you notice a pool-like taste or experience dry skin, a whole-house carbon filter is the most common and affordable solution. For homeowners who want to understand the full picture, requesting your utility's annual Consumer Confidence Report provides neighborhood-level data.

ContaminantDetectedHealth GuidelineLegal LimitStatus
Hardness (as CaCO₃)235 PPM< 60 PPMNo federal limit⚠ Very Hard
Total Dissolved Solids441 PPM< 300 PPM500 PPM⚠ Elevated
PFAS (total)4 ppt4 ppt (EPA)4 ppt (2024)✓ OK
Lead1 ppb0 ppb (no safe level)15 ppb (action level)✓ Low
Chlorine / Chloramine1.3 mg/LTaste threshold ~1.04.0 mg/L✓ Normal
Nitrate4 mg/L5 mg/L10 mg/L✓ OK

Recommendations for Provo Homes

🧂 Water Softener
At 235 PPM (13.7 GPG), Provo's water is very hard. Scale will accumulate in pipes, water heaters, and on fixtures. A salt-based ion exchange softener removes the calcium and magnesium causing the problem. For a typical Provo household of 2 to 4 people, a 48,000-grain softener is the right starting size.
Learn more about this solution →

About Provo's Water Supply

Water Utility: Provo City

Water Source: Deer Creek Reservoir, groundwater

Population Served: 115,162

Hardness: 235 PPM (13.7 grains per gallon)

Water quality can vary by neighborhood and season. The values above represent typical averages reported by Provo City. To get exact numbers for your address, request a copy of the most recent Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) from your utility, or have your water independently tested.

Compare Provo to Other Utah Cities

Salt Lake City

250 PPM · Very Hard

Ogden

240 PPM · Very Hard

West Jordan

187 PPM · Very Hard

West Valley City

251 PPM · Extremely Hard

Sandy

222 PPM · Very Hard

Orem

209 PPM · Very Hard

Frequently Asked Questions About Provo Water

Is Provo tap water safe to drink?
Provo's water meets EPA legal standards for drinking water safety. However, legal limits and health-optimal levels are different things. Review the contaminant table above for specific numbers and how they compare to both legal limits and health guidelines.
Do I need a water softener in Provo?
Yes. At 235 PPM (13.7 GPG), Provo's water is very hard. Without a softener, expect visible scale buildup on faucets and shower heads, reduced water heater efficiency (15 to 25 percent higher energy costs), spotted dishes and glassware, and soap that does not lather well. A salt-based water softener is the standard solution. For a typical Provo home with 2 to 4 residents, a 48,000-grain system is the most common starting size.
What water filter is best for Provo?
The best filter depends on which contaminants you want to address. For chlorine taste and odor, an activated carbon filter is effective and affordable, available as under-sink, countertop, or whole-house systems. See our softener vs. filter guide to understand the difference between these categories.
Where does Provo's water come from?
Provo's drinking water is sourced from Deer Creek Reservoir, groundwater and treated by Provo City. Utah Valley geology produces very hard water..
What is the hardness of Provo water in grains per gallon?
Provo's water hardness is 13.7 grains per gallon (GPG), which equals 235 parts per million (PPM). This is classified as very hard. Most water softener manufacturers recommend treatment above 7 GPG. To convert: 1 GPG = 17.1 PPM.
Does Provo water damage tankless water heaters?
Yes. Most tankless water heater manufacturers recommend water hardness below 7 to 11 GPG (120 to 188 PPM). At 13.7 GPG, Provo's water exceeds this threshold. Scale buildup inside the heat exchanger reduces efficiency and can void the manufacturer's warranty. A water softener installed upstream of the tankless heater is the standard solution.
Is Provo water safe for babies and infants?
Provo's water meets all EPA safety standards and is generally considered safe for preparing infant formula. The hardness minerals (calcium and magnesium) are not harmful. If your home has older plumbing, running cold water for 30 seconds before use is a good precaution to flush any lead from pipes.
How much does hard water cost a Provo household per year?
At 235 PPM, hard water costs the average Provo household an estimated $800 to $1,200 per year in hidden costs. This includes 15 to 25 percent higher water heating bills from scale insulation, 50 to 75 percent more soap and detergent usage, shorter appliance lifespans (water heaters, dishwashers, washing machines), and increased plumbing maintenance. A water softener typically costs $600 to $1,500 installed and $50 to $100 per year in salt, which means most Provo households see a return on investment within 1 to 2 years.

Data sources. Water quality data compiled from EPA SDWIS, EWG Tap Water Database, USGS water hardness studies, and the Provo City Consumer Confidence Report. Hardness and contaminant levels represent typical average values and may vary by neighborhood and season. Last updated: 2026-02-12.