What is Columbia water hardness in grains per gallon?

Columbia's water hardness is 2.8 grains per gallon (GPG), equivalent to 48 parts per million (PPM). 1 GPG = 17.1 PPM.

Water Quality in Columbia, SC

Columbia's water has PFAS above EPA limits (5 ppt). An activated carbon filter can reduce PFAS levels. Read below for a full breakdown.

Columbia Water · Source: Lake Murray, Broad River · Serves 136,632 residents

Hardness (PPM)

TDS (PPM)

1.2

Chlorine (mg/L)

PFAS (ppt)

Lead (ppb)

Hardness Scale: Where Columbia Falls

Soft 060120180250400+

Soft water

Columbia's water is slightly hard at 48 PPM, typical of the Southeast Piedmont region. The water quality is generally good, and most homes don't need a water softener at this hardness level.

What Columbia's Water Means for Your Home

Columbia's water is slightly hard at 48 PPM. At this level, hard water is not a significant concern for most households. Scale buildup is minimal, and a water softener would provide little measurable benefit. If you are considering water treatment in Columbia, focus on contaminant filtration rather than softening.

PFAS contamination is a significant concern in Columbia. At 5 parts per trillion, levels exceed the EPA's 2024 maximum contaminant level of 4 ppt. PFAS are synthetic chemicals that do not break down in the environment or the human body, which is why they are called "forever chemicals." Long-term exposure has been associated with increased cancer risk, thyroid disruption, and immune system effects. A whole-house activated carbon filter or point-of-use reverse osmosis system can reduce PFAS to safe levels. Look for NSF P473 certification when comparing products.

Contaminant	Detected	Health Guideline	Legal Limit	Status
Hardness (as CaCO₃)	48 PPM	< 60 PPM	No federal limit	✓ OK
Total Dissolved Solids	74 PPM	< 300 PPM	500 PPM	✓ OK
PFAS (total)	5 ppt	4 ppt (EPA)	4 ppt (2024)	⚠ Above limit
Lead	2 ppb	0 ppb (no safe level)	15 ppb (action level)	✓ Low
Chlorine / Chloramine	1.2 mg/L	Taste threshold ~1.0	4.0 mg/L	✓ Normal
Nitrate	2 mg/L	5 mg/L	10 mg/L	✓ OK

Recommendations for Columbia Homes

🔬 Activated Carbon Filter for PFAS

PFAS detected at 5 ppt, above the EPA maximum contaminant level of 4 ppt. PFAS are linked to cancer, thyroid disease, and immune system effects with long-term exposure. A whole-house granular activated carbon (GAC) filter or a point-of-use reverse osmosis system can reduce PFAS. Look for NSF P473 certification, which specifically tests for PFAS removal.

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About Columbia's Water Supply

Water Utility: Columbia Water

Water Source: Lake Murray, Broad River

Population Served: 136,632

Hardness: 48 PPM (2.8 grains per gallon)

Water quality can vary by neighborhood and season. The values above represent typical averages reported by Columbia Water. To get exact numbers for your address, request a copy of the most recent Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) from your utility, or have your water independently tested.

Compare Columbia to Other South Carolina Cities

Frequently Asked Questions About Columbia Water

Is Columbia tap water safe to drink?

Columbia's water meets EPA legal standards for drinking water safety. However, legal limits and health-optimal levels are different things. PFAS levels exceed the 2024 EPA health standard, which is a concern for long-term exposure. Review the contaminant table above for specific numbers and how they compare to both legal limits and health guidelines.

Do I need a water softener in Columbia?

Probably not. At 48 PPM, Columbia's water is on the softer end. Most homes will not experience noticeable scale buildup. That said, if you have high-end fixtures, a glass shower enclosure, or a tankless water heater, even mild hardness can leave mineral deposits over time. A salt-free conditioner is a low-cost insurance policy in that case.

What water filter is best for Columbia?

The best filter depends on which contaminants you want to address. For PFAS, look for a filter with NSF P473 certification. Granular activated carbon (GAC) and reverse osmosis systems are both effective. Standard carbon pitcher filters may not remove PFAS adequately. See our softener vs. filter guide to understand the difference between these categories.

Where does Columbia's water come from?

Columbia's drinking water is sourced from Lake Murray, Broad River and treated by Columbia Water. Columbia's water is slightly hard at 48 PPM, typical of the Southeast Piedmont region. The water quality is generally good, and most homes don't need a water softener at this hardness level.

What is the hardness of Columbia water in grains per gallon?

Columbia's water hardness is 2.8 grains per gallon (GPG), which equals 48 parts per million (PPM). This is classified as slightly hard. To convert: 1 GPG = 17.1 PPM.

Does Columbia water damage tankless water heaters?

At 2.8 GPG, Columbia's water is unlikely to cause significant issues for tankless water heaters. However, if you notice reduced flow or efficiency over time, scale buildup could be a factor. Annual flushing with vinegar is good maintenance regardless of hardness.

Is Columbia water safe for babies and infants?

Columbia's water meets all EPA safety standards and is generally considered safe for preparing infant formula. The hardness minerals (calcium and magnesium) are not harmful. If your home has older plumbing, running cold water for 30 seconds before use is a good precaution to flush any lead from pipes.

Data sources. Water quality data compiled from EPA SDWIS, EWG Tap Water Database, USGS water hardness studies, and the Columbia Water Consumer Confidence Report. Hardness and contaminant levels represent typical average values and may vary by neighborhood and season. Last updated: 2026-02-12.