Water Quality in Durham, NC

Durham's water has PFAS above EPA limits (12 ppt). An activated carbon filter can reduce PFAS levels. Read below for a full breakdown.

City of Durham · Source: Lake Michie, Little River · Serves 283,506 residents

35
Hardness (PPM)
55
TDS (PPM)
1.2
Chlorine (mg/L)
12
PFAS (ppt)
2
Lead (ppb)
35 PPM 0 400 Slightly Hard
CONTAMINANT LEVELS Hardness 35 PPM TDS 55 PPM PFAS 12 ppt Lead 2 ppb Chlorine 1.2 mg/L Nitrate 1 mg/L

Hardness Scale: Where Durham Falls

Soft 060120180250400+
PFAS contamination

Soft and clean from reservoirs but PFAS from industrial sources detected.

What Durham's Water Means for Your Home

Durham's water is slightly hard at 35 PPM. At this level, hard water is not a significant concern for most households. Scale buildup is minimal, and a water softener would provide little measurable benefit. If you are considering water treatment in Durham, focus on contaminant filtration rather than softening.

PFAS contamination is a significant concern in Durham. At 12 parts per trillion, levels exceed the EPA's 2024 maximum contaminant level of 4 ppt. PFAS are synthetic chemicals that do not break down in the environment or the human body, which is why they are called "forever chemicals." Long-term exposure has been associated with increased cancer risk, thyroid disruption, and immune system effects. A whole-house activated carbon filter or point-of-use reverse osmosis system can reduce PFAS to safe levels. Look for NSF P473 certification when comparing products.

ContaminantDetectedHealth GuidelineLegal LimitStatus
Hardness (as CaCO₃)35 PPM< 60 PPMNo federal limit✓ OK
Total Dissolved Solids55 PPM< 300 PPM500 PPM✓ OK
PFAS (total)12 ppt4 ppt (EPA)4 ppt (2024)⚠ Above limit
Lead2 ppb0 ppb (no safe level)15 ppb (action level)✓ Low
Chlorine / Chloramine1.2 mg/LTaste threshold ~1.04.0 mg/L✓ Normal
Nitrate1 mg/L5 mg/L10 mg/L✓ OK

Recommendations for Durham Homes

🔬 Activated Carbon Filter for PFAS
PFAS detected at 12 ppt, above the EPA maximum contaminant level of 4 ppt. PFAS are linked to cancer, thyroid disease, and immune system effects with long-term exposure. A whole-house granular activated carbon (GAC) filter or a point-of-use reverse osmosis system can reduce PFAS. Look for NSF P473 certification, which specifically tests for PFAS removal.
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About Durham's Water Supply

Water Utility: City of Durham

Water Source: Lake Michie, Little River

Population Served: 283,506

Hardness: 35 PPM (2 grains per gallon)

Water quality can vary by neighborhood and season. The values above represent typical averages reported by City of Durham. To get exact numbers for your address, request a copy of the most recent Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) from your utility, or have your water independently tested.

Compare Durham to Other North Carolina Cities

Charlotte

50 PPM · Slightly Hard

Raleigh

45 PPM · Slightly Hard

Greensboro

46 PPM · Slightly Hard

Winston-Salem

49 PPM · Slightly Hard

Fayetteville

32 PPM · Slightly Hard

Wilmington

49 PPM · Slightly Hard

Frequently Asked Questions About Durham Water

Is Durham tap water safe to drink?
Durham's water meets EPA legal standards for drinking water safety. However, legal limits and health-optimal levels are different things. PFAS levels exceed the 2024 EPA health standard, which is a concern for long-term exposure. Review the contaminant table above for specific numbers and how they compare to both legal limits and health guidelines.
Do I need a water softener in Durham?
Probably not. At 35 PPM, Durham's water is on the softer end. Most homes will not experience noticeable scale buildup. That said, if you have high-end fixtures, a glass shower enclosure, or a tankless water heater, even mild hardness can leave mineral deposits over time. A salt-free conditioner is a low-cost insurance policy in that case.
What water filter is best for Durham?
The best filter depends on which contaminants you want to address. For PFAS, look for a filter with NSF P473 certification. Granular activated carbon (GAC) and reverse osmosis systems are both effective. Standard carbon pitcher filters may not remove PFAS adequately. See our softener vs. filter guide to understand the difference between these categories.
Where does Durham's water come from?
Durham's drinking water is sourced from Lake Michie, Little River and treated by City of Durham. Soft and clean from reservoirs but PFAS from industrial sources detected..
What is the hardness of Durham water in grains per gallon?
Durham's water hardness is 2 grains per gallon (GPG), which equals 35 parts per million (PPM). This is classified as slightly hard. To convert: 1 GPG = 17.1 PPM.
Does Durham water damage tankless water heaters?
At 2 GPG, Durham's water is unlikely to cause significant issues for tankless water heaters. However, if you notice reduced flow or efficiency over time, scale buildup could be a factor. Annual flushing with vinegar is good maintenance regardless of hardness.
Is Durham water safe for babies and infants?
Durham's water meets all EPA safety standards and is generally considered safe for preparing infant formula. The hardness minerals (calcium and magnesium) are not harmful. If your home has older plumbing, running cold water for 30 seconds before use is a good precaution to flush any lead from pipes.

Data sources. Water quality data compiled from EPA SDWIS, EWG Tap Water Database, USGS water hardness studies, and the City of Durham Consumer Confidence Report. Hardness and contaminant levels represent typical average values and may vary by neighborhood and season. Last updated: 2026-02-12.