Is New York Tap Water Safe to Drink?

Water quality data for 37 cities across New York. Find your city below.

Water quality in New York varies significantly from city to city. Across 37 cities we track, hardness ranges from 25 PPM in Long Island City to 162 PPM in Rochester, with a statewide average of 62 PPM. 7 of 37 cities have hard water above 120 PPM where a water softener provides measurable benefits.

4 New York cities have forever chemicals (PFAS) above the EPA's 2024 limit of 4 parts per trillion: Binghamton (19.55 ppt), Suffern (23.55 ppt), Colonie (8.3 ppt), Garden City (10.6 ppt). A reverse osmosis system or NSF P473-certified filter can reduce PFAS to safe levels.

37
Cities
62
Avg Hardness (PPM)
162
Hardest City (PPM)

City Treatment Guides

Sized recommendations based on each city's specific water data.

City Comparisons

New York Cities by Water Hardness

CityHardness (PPM)LevelPFAS (ppt)Source
Rochester 162 Hard 0 Hemlock Lake, Canadice Lake
Buffalo 142 Hard 0 Lake Erie, Niagara River
Lockport 140 Hard 0 Lake Ontario via Erie Canal
Webster 130 Hard 0 Lake Ontario
Rochester South 130 Hard 0 Lake Ontario + Hemlock Lake
Niagara Falls 120 Hard 0 Niagara River
Tonawanda 120 Hard 0 Niagara River
Ithaca 110 Moderately Hard 0 Six Mile Creek, reservoirs
Binghamton 85 Moderately Hard 19.55 Susquehanna River watershed
Downtown Syracuse 85 Moderately Hard 0 Skaneateles Lake
Middletown 80 Moderately Hard 0 Reservoirs and wells
Suffern 60 Moderately Hard 23.55 Ramapo River watershed
Schenectady 57 Slightly Hard 0 Mohawk River, Selfridge Reservoir
Utica 51 Slightly Hard 0 Hinckley Reservoir
Colonie 50 Slightly Hard 8.3 Albany County Water Supply
Yonkers 45 Slightly Hard 0 NYC system (Catskill/Delaware)
Mount Kisco 45 Slightly Hard 3.1 Surface water
Syracuse 43 Slightly Hard 0 Skaneateles Lake
White Plains 40 Slightly Hard 0 Kensico Reservoir
Poughkeepsie 40 Slightly Hard 0 Hudson River
Troy 40 Slightly Hard 0 Tomhannock Reservoir
Hicksville 40 Slightly Hard 3.3 Long Island Aquifer
Albany 39 Slightly Hard 0 Alcove Reservoir
Mount Vernon 35 Slightly Hard 0 Surface water (reservoirs)
Garden City 35 Slightly Hard 10.6 Long Island Aquifer
Huntington 35 Slightly Hard 0 Long Island Aquifer
Oceanside 35 Slightly Hard 3.65 Long Island Aquifer
Freeport 35 Slightly Hard 0 Long Island Aquifer
White Plains Downtown 35 Slightly Hard 0 Surface water (reservoirs)
Uniondale 30 Slightly Hard 3.65 Surface water (reservoirs)
Babylon 30 Slightly Hard 0 Long Island Aquifer
Hempstead 30 Slightly Hard 3.65 Long Island Aquifer
New Rochelle 28 Slightly Hard 0 NYC system reservoirs
New York 25 Slightly Hard 0 Surface water (reservoirs)
Brooklyn 25 Slightly Hard 0 Surface water (reservoirs)
Staten Island 25 Slightly Hard 0 Surface water (reservoirs)
Long Island City 25 Slightly Hard 0 Surface water (reservoirs)

Frequently Asked Questions About New York Water

Is New York tap water safe to drink?
New York tap water meets EPA legal standards in most cities. 4 cities have PFAS levels above the EPA health advisory of 4 ppt. Water hardness is relatively low across the state. Check your specific city above for detailed data.
Do I need a water softener in New York?
Most New York homes do not need a water softener. The state average of 62 PPM is relatively soft.
Which New York city has the hardest water?
Rochester has the hardest water in New York at 162 PPM (9.5 GPG). Buffalo is second at 142 PPM. See the full ranking.
What contaminants are in New York water?
The most common concerns across New York are chlorine and disinfection byproducts, and PFAS (forever chemicals) detected in 4 cities. Each city has different levels - check your city above for specific contaminant data.
How much does a water softener cost in New York?
A whole-house water softener for a typical New York home costs $800-$2,500 installed, depending on capacity and brand. At 62 PPM average hardness, most homes need a 32,000-48,000 grain system. Full cost breakdown.

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Common Issues

Hard Water PFAS Lead Chlorine