Water Quality in Jacksonville, FL

Jacksonville's water has very hard water (209 PPM). A water softener is recommended to protect plumbing and appliances. Read below for a full breakdown.

JEA · Source: Floridan Aquifer · Serves 949,611 residents

209
Hardness (PPM)
317
TDS (PPM)
1.4
Chlorine (mg/L)
4
PFAS (ppt)
2
Lead (ppb)
209 PPM 0 400 Very Hard
CONTAMINANT LEVELS Hardness 209 PPM TDS 317 PPM PFAS 4 ppt Lead 2 ppb Chlorine 1.4 mg/L Nitrate 4 mg/L

Hardness Scale: Where Jacksonville Falls

Soft 060120180250400+
Very hard waterSulfur smell

Jacksonville's deep wells tap the limestone Floridan Aquifer, producing very hard water with occasional hydrogen sulfide smell.

What Jacksonville's Water Means for Your Home

Jacksonville residents deal with some of the hardest municipal water in the country. At 209 PPM (12.2 grains per gallon), the water contains high concentrations of dissolved calcium and magnesium picked up from underground limestone and mineral formations. This is not a safety issue. The minerals are safe to consume. But they create real, measurable costs for homeowners. Hard water at 209 PPM costs the average household $800 to $1,200 per year in hidden expenses, including higher energy bills from scale-insulated water heaters, increased soap and detergent usage, and premature appliance failure. Many Jacksonville homeowners discover this only after a water heater replacement or plumber visit.

Beyond hardness, Jacksonville's water quality is generally within EPA guidelines for regulated contaminants. Chlorine is present at 1.4 mg/L as a disinfectant residual, which is normal for municipal water systems. If you notice a pool-like taste or experience dry skin, a whole-house carbon filter is the most common and affordable solution. For homeowners who want to understand the full picture, requesting your utility's annual Consumer Confidence Report provides neighborhood-level data.

ContaminantDetectedHealth GuidelineLegal LimitStatus
Hardness (as CaCO₃)209 PPM< 60 PPMNo federal limit⚠ Very Hard
Total Dissolved Solids317 PPM< 300 PPM500 PPM⚠ Elevated
PFAS (total)4 ppt4 ppt (EPA)4 ppt (2024)✓ OK
Lead2 ppb0 ppb (no safe level)15 ppb (action level)✓ Low
Chlorine / Chloramine1.4 mg/LTaste threshold ~1.04.0 mg/L✓ Normal
Nitrate4 mg/L5 mg/L10 mg/L✓ OK

Recommendations for Jacksonville Homes

🧂 Water Softener
At 209 PPM (12.2 GPG), Jacksonville's water is very hard. Scale will accumulate in pipes, water heaters, and on fixtures. A salt-based ion exchange softener removes the calcium and magnesium causing the problem. For a typical Jacksonville household of 2 to 4 people, a 48,000-grain softener is the right starting size.
Learn more about this solution →

About Jacksonville's Water Supply

Water Utility: JEA

Water Source: Floridan Aquifer

Population Served: 949,611

Hardness: 209 PPM (12.2 grains per gallon)

Water quality can vary by neighborhood and season. The values above represent typical averages reported by JEA. To get exact numbers for your address, request a copy of the most recent Consumer Confidence Report (CCR) from your utility, or have your water independently tested.

Compare Jacksonville to Other Florida Cities

Miami

260 PPM · Very Hard

Tampa

201 PPM · Very Hard

Orlando

200 PPM · Very Hard

St. Petersburg

215 PPM · Very Hard

Hialeah

204 PPM · Very Hard

Cape Coral

242 PPM · Very Hard

Frequently Asked Questions About Jacksonville Water

Is Jacksonville tap water safe to drink?
Jacksonville's water meets EPA legal standards for drinking water safety. However, legal limits and health-optimal levels are different things. Review the contaminant table above for specific numbers and how they compare to both legal limits and health guidelines.
Do I need a water softener in Jacksonville?
Yes. At 209 PPM (12.2 GPG), Jacksonville's water is very hard. Without a softener, expect visible scale buildup on faucets and shower heads, reduced water heater efficiency (15 to 25 percent higher energy costs), spotted dishes and glassware, and soap that does not lather well. A salt-based water softener is the standard solution. For a typical Jacksonville home with 2 to 4 residents, a 48,000-grain system is the most common starting size.
What water filter is best for Jacksonville?
The best filter depends on which contaminants you want to address. For chlorine taste and odor, an activated carbon filter is effective and affordable, available as under-sink, countertop, or whole-house systems. See our softener vs. filter guide to understand the difference between these categories.
Where does Jacksonville's water come from?
Jacksonville's drinking water is sourced from Floridan Aquifer and treated by JEA. Jacksonville's deep wells tap the limestone Floridan Aquifer, producing very hard water with occasional hydrogen sulfide smell..
What is the hardness of Jacksonville water in grains per gallon?
Jacksonville's water hardness is 12.2 grains per gallon (GPG), which equals 209 parts per million (PPM). This is classified as very hard. Most water softener manufacturers recommend treatment above 7 GPG. To convert: 1 GPG = 17.1 PPM.
Does Jacksonville water damage tankless water heaters?
Yes. Most tankless water heater manufacturers recommend water hardness below 7 to 11 GPG (120 to 188 PPM). At 12.2 GPG, Jacksonville's water exceeds this threshold. Scale buildup inside the heat exchanger reduces efficiency and can void the manufacturer's warranty. A water softener installed upstream of the tankless heater is the standard solution.
Is Jacksonville water safe for babies and infants?
Jacksonville's water meets all EPA safety standards and is generally considered safe for preparing infant formula. The hardness minerals (calcium and magnesium) are not harmful. If your home has older plumbing, running cold water for 30 seconds before use is a good precaution to flush any lead from pipes.
How much does hard water cost a Jacksonville household per year?
At 209 PPM, hard water costs the average Jacksonville household an estimated $800 to $1,200 per year in hidden costs. This includes 15 to 25 percent higher water heating bills from scale insulation, 50 to 75 percent more soap and detergent usage, shorter appliance lifespans (water heaters, dishwashers, washing machines), and increased plumbing maintenance. A water softener typically costs $600 to $1,500 installed and $50 to $100 per year in salt, which means most Jacksonville households see a return on investment within 1 to 2 years.

Data sources. Water quality data compiled from EPA SDWIS, EWG Tap Water Database, USGS water hardness studies, and the JEA Consumer Confidence Report. Hardness and contaminant levels represent typical average values and may vary by neighborhood and season. Last updated: 2026-02-12.