Protecting Your Water Heater from Hard Water Damage
How to extend water heater life in hard water areas.
Scale is your water heater's enemy
At 140°F, calcium carbonate rapidly precipitates out of hard water and coats heating elements and tank walls. A 1/4-inch scale layer forces the burner to work 40% harder. Energy bills increase $150-300/year for a gas water heater in very hard water areas. The element overheats, the glass lining cracks, and the tank fails years early.
Prevention
A water softener upstream of the water heater eliminates new scale formation entirely. This is the most effective protection. Lower the temperature to 120°F (reduces precipitation rate). Flush the tank annually (connect a hose to the drain valve and run until clear). Replace the anode rod every 3-5 years.
For tankless heaters
Flush with white vinegar annually (follow manufacturer instructions). Install a softener or conditioner to protect the heat exchanger. Most manufacturers recommend hardness below 7-11 GPG.