Water Quality Problems

Understanding what is in your water is the first step to fixing it. These guides explain the most common issues, their real costs, and what actually works.

Over 85% of US homes have hard water. More than 100 million Americans have detectable PFAS in their tap water. Lead service lines still deliver water to millions of homes. These are real problems, but they have real solutions, and the first step is understanding which issues affect your specific water supply. Start by checking your city's data.

Most Common

Hard Water

Scale buildup, stiff laundry, dry skin, and reduced appliance lifespan. Costs US households $800-1,400/year untreated.

 Health Concern

PFAS / Forever Chemicals

Linked to cancer, thyroid disease, and immune suppression. New EPA limits set at 4 ppt in 2024.

 Taste & Odor

Chlorine & Chloramine

The pool smell in your tap water. Safe but unpleasant. The easiest water quality issue to fix.

 Health Concern

Lead in Drinking Water

No safe level exists. Pre-1986 homes are at highest risk. Testing and filtration are the solution.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is hard water dangerous to drink?
No. Hard water is not a health risk. Calcium and magnesium are essential minerals. However, hard water causes significant economic damage: scale buildup in pipes and appliances, reduced water heater efficiency, extra soap and detergent usage, and shortened appliance lifespan. Learn more →
How do I know if I have PFAS in my water?
Check your city on CheckMyTap for reported PFAS levels. If your city reports above 4 ppt (the 2024 EPA limit), consider a certified filter. The only way to know your exact tap level is a lab test ($200-400). Check your city →
Why does my water smell like chlorine?
Utilities add chlorine or chloramine to disinfect water. It is safe but creates an unpleasant taste and odor. A simple activated carbon filter (whole-house or faucet-mounted, $50-300) removes it effectively. Chlorine guide →
Is there lead in my tap water?
Lead comes from your building's plumbing, not the water source. Homes built before 1986 are at highest risk due to lead solder. The only way to know is testing. Lead guide →

Check Your Water

See what contaminants affect your city.

Look up your city →

Related Guides

Is Tap Water Safe? Water Testing Guide US Hard Water Map PFAS Explained Lead in Old Homes Disinfection Byproducts

Solutions

Water Softeners Whole-House Filters Reverse Osmosis Softener vs. Filter Guide