Iron in Well Water: Orange Stains, Smell, and Treatment
How to identify and treat iron contamination in your water.
Iron types matter for treatment
Ferrous iron (clear water iron) is dissolved and invisible until exposed to air, when it turns orange. Ferric iron (red water iron) is already oxidized and visible as orange or brown particles. Iron bacteria create a slimy, reddish biofilm in pipes and toilet tanks. Each type requires different treatment.
Signs of iron problems
Orange or brown stains in sinks, tubs, and toilets. Metallic taste. Reddish-brown sediment in water. Stained laundry (especially whites). Clogged aerators and shower heads. The EPA aesthetic limit is 0.3 mg/L, though iron is not a health hazard at typical levels.
Treatment by type
Ferrous iron (up to 3 mg/L): A water softener with iron removal capability handles low levels. Higher ferrous or ferric iron: Oxidation filtration (birm, greensand, or air injection) followed by sediment filtration. Iron bacteria: Shock chlorination plus ongoing chlorine injection or UV treatment. Always test before choosing a system to identify the iron type.